List of poetry groups and movements: Difference between revisions

Poetry groups and movements or schools may be self-identified by the poets that form them or defined by critics who see unifying characteristics of a body of work by more than one poet. To be a ‘school’ a group of poets must share a common style or a common ethos. A commonality of form is not in itself sufficient to define a school; for example, Edward Lear, George du Maurier and Ogden Nash do not form a school simply because they all wrote limericks.

There are many different ‘schools’ of poetry. Some of them are described below in approximate chronological sequence. The subheadings indicate broadly the century in which a style arose.

Prehistoric[edit]

The oral tradition is too broad to be a strict school but it is a useful grouping of works whose origins either predate writing, or belong to cultures without writing.

China: Zenith of Han poetry, a movement away from the ancient Chinese poetry of the Classic of Poetry and the Chu Ci.

Third century (200–300)[edit]

China: Jian’an poetry, a poetic movement occurring during the end of the Han dynasty, in the state of Cao Wei.

China: Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, a group of poets active during the late Cao Wei to early Jin dynasty era, poets incorporating the Wei-Jin Xuanxue movement.

China: Start of Six Dynasties poetry (220–589).

Fourth century (300–400)[edit]

China: Six Dynasties poetry period (220–589).

China: Emergence of Midnight Songs poetry.

China: Orchid Pavilion Gathering of 353, which led to the publication of the Lantingji Xu and the related movement in Classical Chinese poetry.

Fifth century (400–500)[edit]

China: Six Dynasties poetry period (220–589).

China: Emergence of Yongming poetry (483-93) within the state of Southern Qi, a major movement within Classical Chinese poetry.

Sixth century (500–600)[edit]

China: End of the Six Dynasties poetry period (220–589).

China: Emergence of the brief Sui poetry movement of the Sui dynasty (581–618).

Seventh century (600–700)[edit]

China: Emergence of Tang poetry (618–907), and the Early Tang (初唐) and High Tang (盛唐) movements.

Eighth century (700–800)[edit]

China: Period of Tang poetry (618–907), and the zenith of the High Tang (盛唐) movement, leading into the Middle Tang (中唐) movement.

Ninth century (800–900)[edit]

China: Period of Tang poetry (618–907), and the end of the Middle Tang (中唐) movement, leading into the Late Tang (晚唐) movement.

Tenth century (900–1000)[edit]

China: Emergence of Song poetry (960–1279).

Twelfth century (1100–1200)[edit]

China: Emergence of Yuan poetry (1271–1368).

Thirteenth century (1200–1300)[edit]

The Sicilian School was a small community of Sicilian and mainland Italian poets between 1230 and 1266 headed by Giacomo da Lentini.^[4]

Fourteenth century (1300–1400)[edit]

China: Emergence of Ming poetry (1368–1644).

Fifteenth century (1400–1500)[edit]

Scotland: The Makars were a diverse genere of Scottish poets who wrote during the Northern Renaissance.

Sixteenth century (1500–1600)[edit]

Mannerism was a movement and style that emerged in the later Italian High Renaissance. Mannerism in poetry is notable for its elegant, highly florid style and intellectual sophistication.^[5][6] The style involved poetry of Michelangelo, Clément Marot, Giovanni della Casa, Giovanni Battista Guarini, Torquato Tasso, Veronica Franco, and Miguel de Cervantes.

Petrarchism was a trans-European movement of Petrarch‘s style followers, partially coincident with Mannerism, including Pietro Bembo, Michelangelo, Mellin de Saint-Gelais, Vittoria Colonna, Garcilaso de la Vega, Giovanni della Casa, Thomas Wyatt, and Henry Howard.

Scotland: Castalian Band.

England: Areopagus.

Seventeenth century (1600–1700)[edit]

The Baroque poetry replaced Mannerism and includs several schools, especially most artificial poetic style of the early 17th-century.^[10] It involved Giambattista Marino, Lope de Vega, John Donne, Vincent Voiture, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Georges de Scudéry, Andreas Gryphius, and Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau.

Classical poetry movement echoes the forms and values of classical ancient Greek and Latin literature, favouring formal, restrained forms. Major dramatist and other genres figures include Pierre Corneille, John Milton, Molière, Jean Racine, John Dryden, William Wycherley, William Congreve, and Joseph Addison.

Marinism was Italian Baroque poetic school and techniques of Giambattista Marino and his followers was based on its use of extravagant and excessive extended metaphor and lavish descriptions.^[13] Among Giambattista Marino’s followers were Cesare Rinaldi, Bartolomeo Tortoletti, Emanuele Tesauro, Francesco Pona, Francesco Maria Santinelli, and others.

Conceptismo was a Baroque poetic school in the Spanish literature, a similar to the Marinism.^[16] Major figures include Francisco de Quevedo and Baltasar Gracián.

Culteranismo was another Spanish Baroque movement, in…